ar(ǝ)-

    ar(ǝ)-

    English meaning: to plough

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “pflũgen”

    Material: Arm. araur “ plow “ (*arütrom; Hũbschmann Arm. stem I 21); Gk. ἀρόω (ἤροσα, ἄροτος) “ plough, till “, ἀρότης, ἀροτήρ “ plowman “, ἄροτρον “ plow “; with original vocalization of the 2nd syllable herakl. αρά̄ςοντι, gortyn. ἄρατρον. ἀρόω etc placed after Persson Beitr. 669 an IE *aro- besides *arǝ- ahead (compare Toch. üre), or appeared instead of ἀράω at the same time with the reshuffle many denominative causatives in -άω to such in -όω after in addition basic o- formation, under special influence from νεόω “ plow up the land anew “. Lat. arō, -üre “ to till, plow, farm, cultivate. Transf., to furrow, wrinkle; of ships, to plow the sea “ (for the older *arǝ-mi), arütor “ ploughman, husbandman “, arütrum “ plow “ (-ü- for *- ă- after arüre); M.Ir. airim “ to plough “, Welsh arddu (from *arj-) “ to plough “, arddwr “ plowman “, M.Ir. ar n. “ arable land “, Welsh ar f. ds., M.Ir. ar-án “ bread “, arathar (*arǝtrom), Welsh aradr, Corn. aradar, M.Bret. arazr, Bret. arar “ plow “; M.Ir. airem (*ari̯omō), gen. aireman “ plowman “, also PN Airem-ón; maybe Alb. arë “arable land, field”. Goth. arjan, O.N. erja, O.E. O.S. erian, O.H.G. erran, M.H.G. ern “ to plough, till “, O.N. arđr “ plow “, O.H.G. art “ furrowed land “, O.E. earđ, ierđ f. “ furrowed land, yield “ (see also under *ar- “ yield, acquiesce “ about Ger. Art), M.H.G. arl, Ger. Arl, Arling “plow” (from loanword from Slav. *ordlo? genuinely Gmc. after Meringer IF. 17, 121); Lith. ariù, árti “to plough”, árklas (*arǝ-tlom) “ plow “, arklỹs “ horse “ (as “ a plow animal “); artójas “ tiller, plowman “ (*arǝ-tüi̯ a-), O.Pruss. artoys “ tiller “ (with secondary zero grade Lith. ore ̃ “ ploughing time “, compare Gk. πολύηρος πολυάρουρος Hes.), Ltv. ar”u “ to plough “, ara, üre “ arable land “; Lith. armenà “ superficially furrowed layer of earth “; O.C.S. orjǫ, orati “to plough”; ralo (Serb. rȁlo, Pol. radɫo) “plow” (*ar(ǝ)-dhlom: Lith.árklas), ratajь “ plowman “; about Slav. *ora- s. Trautmannn 13; toch AB üre “plow”. concerning this pertains: ar(ǝ)u̯-: Arm. haravunk “ arable land “ (Scheftelowitz BB. 29, 58), Lat. arvus, -a, -um “ plowed, plowed land “, esp. arvum “ plowed land, a field; in gen., a region “, Umbr. arvam-en “in plowed land” (= dem Lat. fem. arvas A. pl.), ar(u)via “ crops, field crops “; M.Ir. arbor (*aru̯r̥) “ grain “, dat. arbaim, gen. (already O.Ir.) arbe (*aru̯ens), pl. N. A. arbanna (r/n-stem: Stokes KZ. 37, 254, Pedersen KG. I 63, II 106; therefrom airmnech “ the man who owns a lot of grain “, Corrnac’s Gl., with -mn- = -vn-, Stokes KZ. 38, 458); Gk. ἄρουρα “ arable land “ (formally not yet clearly; probably after Benveniste Norns 113 from *ἀρο-Fρᾱ, extension of ἀρο-Fαρ from *aro-u̯r̥, compare M.Ir. arbor. Unglauhhaft Otrębski KZ. 66, 78). Through its old e- divergence Welsh erw f. “ field “, pl. erwi, er-wydd, Corn. erw, ereu ds., O.Bret. M.Bret. eru, Bret. ero “ furrow “ belong against it to O.H.G. ero “ earth “, Gk. ἔρα, Arm. erkir “ earth “ (for the latter supposes Pedersen KZ. 38, 197 likewise *eru̯- as a basis), however, have taken over like the use for farmed field of one *ar(ǝ)u̯o-. From the lack of Aryan correspondences may not be closed against the acquaintance with the plow in indo Germanic primeval times.

    References: WP. I 78 f., WH. I 69, Schwyzer Gk. I 362, 683. After Specht KZ. 68, 422 furthermore to root *erǝ- (er-5) “ disjoint, sever “ as “ tear the ground open “?